For example, in may 2003 the commission set in train the forest law, enforcement, governance and trade flegt initiative, which will create a licensing system to 1 cited in macartan humphreys, economics and violent conflict harvard university, february 2003, p 8 n71. Response of households to armed conflict a case study. Macartan humphreys works on the political economy of development and formal political theory. Poverty dynamics, violent conflict and convergence in rwanda1. Greed, corruption, and conflict from revenue distribution, resource ownership, decision making, management, and access has fuelled local and international conflict. Kennedy et al, environmental quality and regional conflict carnegie commission on preventing deadly conflict, december 1998. Macartan humphreys and ashutosh varshney1 contents. Violent deaths increase when the coffee price falls but decrease when the oil price falls. The type of economic policies that governments choose plays a significant role in determining the likelihood of conflict. Theories of conflict 16 theories of conflict conflict is a pervasive element in our society. Natural resources, conflict, and conflict resolution columbia. Policies that induce conflict may result from deliberate decisions to weaken state institutions so that leaders can.
James fearon, changtai hsieh, macartan humphreys, david leonard, edward miguel, suresh naidu, lant pritchett. Macartan humphreys is assistant professor of political science, columbia university, 420 west 118th st. This paper takes a parallel crossnational approach. M h professor of political science, columbia university. To date, however, competing accounts have typically not been grounded in systematic, empirical studies of the determinants of participation. International mediation, selection effects, and the question of bias bernd beber new york university international mediation of violent conflicts is commonplace in todays world, and so is academic research on its features and effectiveness. Uncovering the mechanisms macartan humphreys1 march 2005 1 macartan.
This greed hypothesis has its base in rational choice economics. The nexus of conflict, transportation costs, and poverty is one which has received scant attention in the literature. This paper explores the effect of conflict on poverty in nigeria, taking accessibility into account. Policies that induce conflict may result from deliberate decisions to weaken state institutions so. Sometimes however conflict may result from attempts to increase economic. Calculated from world bank 2010 and humphreys 2003. Conflict economics sheds a different light on appropriation. Ii the economic origins of conflict 2 wealth and war 2 inequality and civil war 3. Economics and violent conflict macartan humphreys harvard university february 2003. Thus, the question of how inequality relates to conflict remains. The role of wages and auditing during a crackdown on corruption in the city of buenos aires pdf, journal of law and economics 461. Can we use the same theories and empirical strategies to study violent and non. Humphreys, macartan 2002 economics and violent conflict.
Also considered is whether violent conflict is caused by undertaken on the effects of internal trade. Jerry muller us and them, marchapril 2008 tells a disconcerting story about the potential for ethnic diversity to generate violent conflict. Conflict economics is a branch of economics that puts the allocation of resources by means of violent fighting, i. The followers of the functional approach think that a conflict serves a social function and those who view a conflict as situational, suggest that conflict is an expression under certain situations. There are several direct and indirect ways through which violent events. Macartan humphreys columbia university and wzb berlin. I am a professor of political science at columbia university in new york and director of the institutions and political inequality group at the wzb berlin social science center.
Ongoing research focuses on civil wars, postconflict development, ethnic politics, natural resource management, political authority and leadership, and democratic development. Policies that induce conflict may result from deliberate. A microlevel perspective on the causes and duration of warfare show all authors. To date, attention to the gender impacts of conflict and war has focused almost. The descriptive findings are a first step in oping evidencebased devel policy. A century of economic thought, defence and peace economics 14 2003. Political economy of development ashutosh varshney. Policies that induce conflict may result from deliberate decisions to weaken state. Macartan humphreys macartan humphreys is a professor of political science and the director of the center for the study of development strategies at columbia university. In case of conflict zones, security, both national and personal, is the first casualty. His dissertation, the functions of social conflict, took conflict theory in a new direction and was later named as one of the bestselling sociology books of the twenti. Wars in developing countries have heavy human, economic, and social costs and are a major cause of poverty and underdevelopment.
This research draws on a survey led by the authors together with the postconflict reintegration initiative for development and empowerment pride in sierra leone. He uses a variety of methods including survey work, lab experimentation, field experimentation, econometric analysis. International mediation, selection effects, and the. Yet an assessment of the innovation applied by terrorist groups to their financing is lacking, with consideration typically limited to where does the money come from and what is it used for. Columbia university and wzb berlin social science center. Do different forms of conflict have different causes. We start by debunking common misperceptions about the microeconomics of conflict and identify several contributions to economic theory and, in particular, to empirics, methods and data. Finally, turning to the economic legacies of war, we frame the literature in terms. Natural resources, conflict, and conflict resolution. There is a possibility that it could occur at any time in our society.
E miguel, c camerer, k casey, j cohen, km esterling, a gerber. Since world war ii about 16 million people have been killed in civil wars. The city as arena, hub and preypatterns of violence in kabul and karachi. Macartan humphreys professor of political science, columbia university 812 iab, 420 west 118th st, new york, 10027 macartan. For example, in papua new guinea, the panguna copper mine, once the largest open pit mine in the world was the. Unicef unicef social inclusion, policy and budgeting.
The innovation terrorist groups apply to their strategy and tactical operations is subject to increasing study. His research focuses on the political economy of development, governance, and conflict processes. Diagnosis and recommendations first draft prepared for the meeting of the millennium development goals poverty task force workshop, bangkok june 2004. Also considered is whether violent conflict is caused by economic inequality. Why is there costly violent conflict when most people would be better off by settling. Readings introduction to political economy economics. Pdf harvard program on humanitarian policy and conflict research 2003. Policies that induce conflict may result from deliberate decisions to weaken state institutions. Macartan humphreys, alexandra scacco, michael doyle, kris.
A range of seemingly rival theories attempt to explain why some individuals take extraordinary risks by choosing to participate in armed conflict. Macartan humphreys is assistant professor of political science. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda. Igbohausa feud that began after the military coup and countercoup of 1966, culminating in the civil war in 1967, efikibibio conflict, tivjukun debacle, fulanibirom clashes, and itsekiriurhoboijaw conflict in the niger delta. Large scale violent conflicts occur with great frequency in poor and slowly growing.
It can occur between persons, group, organizations and nations. Results also contribute to the solution of the causality puzzle between conflict and inequality. This problem is even bigger in regions with excess natural resources. In fact the discipline of economics has always included the study of conflict and war. There seems to be a strong association between armed conflicts, poverty and underdevelopment. Economics and violent conflict harvard humanitarian initiative. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. This article discusses how endogenous mechanisms linking processes of violent conflict and the economic wellbeing of individuals and households in combat areas provide valuable micro.
Harvard college, 2002 fanny coulomb and jacques fontanel, disarmament. Thanks to macartan humphreys, scott gates, nils petter. Conflict and problems associated with natural resources. It begins by considering the economic factors that make some societies susceptible to conflict. We find that inequality increases during the course of violent conflict, and particularly does so in.
Root causes of violent conflict in developing countries. Theories of conflict 15 chapter 2 theories of conflict. The author finds evidence that 1 conflict onset is more responsive to the impacts of past natural resource production than to the potential for future production, supporting a weak states mechanism rather than a rebel greed mechanism. Violent conflict and the millennium development goals. Draft chapter for the oxford handbook of the economics of peace and conflict.
1548 545 1432 1467 1337 1343 820 615 1453 615 759 1461 949 1524 519 930 804 908 204 1048 805 436 1317 507 773 1350 593 1362 174 348 655